Severity of Maternal Anemia and Feto-Maternal Outcome at Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To determine the severity of anemia among pregnant women and its impact on feto-maternal outcome at tertiary care Hospital.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; conducted at gynae department of LUMHS; during 6 months from November 2019 to April 2020. Women with age >15 years, visited antenatal clinic and admitted for delivery and those who were admitted through emergency with labour pain and either of parity were included. A 3 ml fresh blood sample was taken from each woman and was sent immediately to the Hospital diagnostic laboratory for the assessment of haemoglobin level. Mothers having haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, were considered as anemic. All the information regarding feto-maternal outcome, in terms of maternal and fetal complications including prolonged Hospital stays mortality were documented via self-made study proforma. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Total 150 pregnant women were enrolled. Maternal mean age was 26.83+4.13 years and mean gestational age was 35.96+2.61 weeks. Most of the women utilized an unsatisfactory diet. Out of all, 83(55.3%) women underwent C-sections and 67(44.7%) underwent normal vaginal deliveries. majority of the women 90(60.0%) underwent blood transfusion. Maternal anemia was highly prevalent (90.7%). Moderate anemia was most common in 64(42.7%) women, followed by mild anemia among 39(26.0%) women, and 33(22.0%) women were severely anemic, while only 14(09.3%) were found with normal haemoglobin level. According to maternal and fetal outcomes, 02.7% women had acute kidney injury, 02.0% had blood transfusion reaction, pre-eclampsia was seen in 06.0% women, 04.7% women were admitted in ICU and mortality rate was 04.7%. Pre-term birth rate was 35.3%, ABG was seen in 26.7% of the cases, early neonatal death rate was 02.0%, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was 02.7% and intrauterine death was 15.3%.

Conclusions: Severity of anemia observed to be highly prevalent in our population and found to be associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes.